Ethereum-Geth
Overview:
Install:
# dev $ yum -y install epel-release golang gmp-devel $ apk --update add --no-cache make gcc musl-dev linux-headers git # geth $ git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum $ cd go-ethereum && make geth $ cp -p build/bin/geth /usr/local/bin/.
Quick Start:
# Initialize $ geth --datadir /data init /data/genesis.json # Run # with console $ geth --networkid 1234 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0 --datadir /data console 2>> /data/geth.log # background with HTTP-RPC $ nohup geth --networkid 1234 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0 --datadir /data --rpc 2>> /data/geth.log & # Attach $ geth attach ipc:/data/geth.ipc $ geth attach rpc:http://localhost:8545 > personal.newAccount("password1") > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) > personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "password1") > miner.start(1) > miner.stop() > eth.blockNumber > eth.sendTransaction({from: eth.accounts[0], to: eth.accounts[1], value: web3.toWei("1", "ether")})
Initialize for Test:
file: genesis.json edit: | { "config": { "chainId": 1234, "homesteadBlock": 0, "eip155Block": 0, "eip158Block": 0 }, "nonce": "0x0000000000000042", "timestamp": "0x0", "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "extraData": "", "gasLimit": "0x8000000", "difficulty": "0x4000", "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "coinbase": "0x3333333333333333333333333333333333333333", "alloc": {} } chainid: "1"はメインネットを表すので、それ以外を設定 homesteadblock: プライベートチェーンを扱うため、homesteadに切り替えることはないので、0に設定 eip155block: プライベートチェーンを扱うため、ハードフォークするわけではありません。0に設定 eip158block: プライベートチェーンを扱うため、ハードフォークするわけではありません。0に設定 conibase: マイニングから収集されたすべての報酬が転送される160bitのアドレス。 difficulty: マイナーが有効なブロックを発見するための難易度 extraData: バイト文字である必要があるようですが、ここでは空白に設定 gasLimit: 取引を行う際にGasをマイナーに支払いますが、その際の上限値です。 nonce: ブロックで十分な量の計算が実行されたことを証明する64bitのハッシュ parentHash: 親ブロックへのポインタ。 mixhash: ブロックで十分な量の計算が実行されたことを証明する256bitのハッシュ timestamp: ブロックが生成された時間。 alloc: 事前に割り当てたれたウォレットのリストを定義できます。 config: 新しく定義されたパラメータです。 $ geth --datadir <DIR> init <DIR>/genesis.json $ geth --datadir /data init /data/genesis.json dir: <DIR> ├── geth │ ├── chaindata │ │ ├── 000001.log │ │ ├── CURRENT │ │ ├── LOCK │ │ ├── LOG │ │ └── MANIFEST-000000 │ └── lightchaindata │ ├── 000001.log │ ├── CURRENT │ ├── LOCK │ ├── LOG │ └── MANIFEST-000000 └── keystore /eth_private ├── genesis.json ├── geth │ ├── LOCK │ ├── chaindata │ │ ├── 000002.ldb │ │ ├── 000003.log │ │ ├── CURRENT │ │ ├── LOCK │ │ ├── LOG │ │ └── MANIFEST-000004 │ ├── lightchaindata │ │ ├── 000001.log │ │ ├── CURRENT │ │ ├── LOCK │ │ ├── LOG │ │ └── MANIFEST-000000 │ ├── nodekey │ └── transactions.rlp ├── geth.ipc └── keystore └── UTC--2018-02-19T16-08-13.817911800Z--9c58e4e749db9e43a7608450901cd9687ce2beea
Run:
# with console $ geth --networkid 1234 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0 --datadir /data console 2>> /data/geth.log # background $ nohup geth --networkid 1234 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0 --datadir /data 2>> /data/geth.log & # background with HTTP-RPC $ nohup geth --networkid 1234 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0 --datadir /data --rpc 2>> /data/geth.log & # background $ nohup geth --networkid 1234 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0 --datadir /data --mine --minerthread 1 --rpc 2>> /data/geth.log & # Attach $ geth attach ipc:/data/geth.ipc $ geth attach rpc:http://localhost:8545 # kill $ kill <ID> $ kill -9 <ID> --datadir <DIR> --networkid "1234" --nodiscover --mine --minerthread 1 --rpc --rpcaddr --rpcport --rpccorsdomain --rpcapi --unlock --verbosity --password Mist.exe --rpc http://localhost:8545 --swarmurl="http://swarm-gateways.net"
Create User:
> personal.newAccount("password1") > eth.accounts $ geth --datadir /data account new $ geth --datadir /data account list
Mining:
> eth.coinbase > miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1]) > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) > eth.getBlock(0) > miner.start(1) > miner.stop() > eth.mining > eth.blockNumber > eth.hashrate > eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase) # wei > web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase), "ether") # ether (10^18wei) > eth.getTransaction("<ID>") > eth.pendingTransactions tail -f -n 100 geth.log pm2 start /home/eth-net-intelligence-api/app.json pm2 stop /home/eth-net-intelligence-api/app.json DAG: Directed acyclic graph EOA: externally owned accounts 外部所有アカウント Contract Account コントラクトアカウント difficulty（難易度） = difficulty_1_target / current_target
Send:
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "password1") > eth.sendTransaction({from: eth.accounts[0], to: eth.accounts[1], value: web3.toWei("1", "ether")}) > web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])) gasUsed: 21000, $> web3.toWei("0.5", "ether") - 21000 * eth.gasPrice 手数料（Ether）＝ガス量（Gas） × ガス価格（Gwei） × 0.000 000 001 1 wei = 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 Ether ※以下18桁 1 Kwei = 0.000 000 000 000 001 Ether ※以下15桁 1 Mwei = 0.000 000 000 001 Ether ※以下12桁 1 Gwei = 0.000 000 001 Ether ※以下9桁 （Gwei = Shannon）
Peer:
admin.nodeInfo { enode: "enode://e71be6a047c13e09d3f8e3dba93364cdc0d00c22aba3ab3467b80b334b6c50997db5ef423bd176bd82586c300e7c7f0b353aa1b33352bfbbbc387c3b63214e2f@[::]:50303?discport=0", id: "e71be6a047c13e09d3f8e3dba93364cdc0d00c22aba3ab3467b80b334b6c50997db5ef423bd176bd82586c300e7c7f0b353aa1b33352bfbbbc387c3b63214e2f", ip: "::", listenAddr: "[::]:50303", name: "Geth/v1.8.2-unstable-a1984ce7/linux-amd64/go1.9.4", ports: { discovery: 0, listener: 50303 }, protocols: { eth: { config: { chainId: 10, eip150Hash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", eip155Block: 0, eip158Block: 0, homesteadBlock: 0 }, difficulty: 32768, genesis: "0x9f49d9682abbd44b3621d98a201c8c6061b1b1e59c583321b7ec3e56652caa83", head: "0x9f49d9682abbd44b3621d98a201c8c6061b1b1e59c583321b7ec3e56652caa83", network: 1234 } } } admin.addPeer("enode://e71be6a047c13e09d3f8e3dba93364cdc0d00c22aba3ab3467b80b334b6c50997db5ef423bd176bd82586c300e7c7f0b353aa1b33352bfbbbc387c3b63214e2f@<IP>:<PORT>")
Block:
value: number : [QUANTITY] Serial number timestamp : [QUANTITY] Unix timestamp for when block was collated. size : [QUANTITY] Integer size of this block in bytes. difficulty : [QUANTITY] Integer of difficulty for this block. totalDifficulty : [QUANTITY] Integer of total difficulty of chain until this block. extraData : [ ] Extra data field of this block. gasLimit : [QUANTITY] Maximum gas allowed in this block. gasUsed : [QUANTITY] Total used gas by all transactions in this block. hash : [ 32bytes] Hash of this block logsBloom : [256bytes] Bloom filter for logs of block. null when its pending block. miner : [ 20bytes] Address of beneficiary to whom mining rewards were given. mixHash : [ 32bytes] nonce : [ 8bytes] Hash of the generated proof-of-work. null when its pending block. parentHash : [ 32bytes] Parent's Hash receiptsRoot : [ 32bytes] Root of receipts trie of block. sha3Uncles : [ 32bytes] SHA3 of uncles data in block. stateRoot : [ 32bytes] Root of final state trie of block. transactionsRoot: [ 32bytes] Root of transaction trie of block. transactions : [ ARRAY] Array of transaction objects, or [32bytes] transaction hashes depending on last given parameter. uncles : [ ARRAY] Array of uncle hashes eth.getBlock(0) { number : 0, timestamp : 0, size : 507, difficulty : 32768, totalDifficulty : 32768, extraData : "0x", gasLimit : 251658240, gasUsed : 0, hash : "0x2b180f76a25fe2ff7d9a7158a9c5470525a7b99e130f19d50db9ffe26f53a087", logsBloom : "0x0000........", miner : "0x3333333333333333333333333333333333333333", mixHash : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", nonce : "0x0000000000000042", parentHash : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", receiptsRoot : "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", sha3Uncles : "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347", stateRoot : "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", transactions : [], uncles : [] } eth.getBlock(1) { number : 1, timestamp : 1519056700, size : 536, difficulty : 131072, totalDifficulty : 163840, extraData : "0xd783010801846765746887676f312e392e34856c696e7578", gasLimit : 251412481, gasUsed : 0, hash : "0x432b7016312ba5b0ea77ac1b7726e3c367ecdbec495c1d7c6b17831f890c62ee", logsBloom : "0x0000........", miner : "0x042bbd1a1181db7b834a01f6f4cdaef79b583c29", mixHash : "0x89d7e6e46dcccf07f36f8a985971f8ff4a56c215b56bcb37dc6ee055136c449e", nonce : "0x1789ae120afe3504", parentHash : "0x2b180f76a25fe2ff7d9a7158a9c5470525a7b99e130f19d50db9ffe26f53a087", receiptsRoot : "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", sha3Uncles : "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347", stateRoot : "0x778c76b9f9975d2d10f0e2717e5794340ad4c647d11c8717e814e2a1f049abf7", transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421", transactions : [], uncles : [] } Mining log: Block No.1: INFO Commit new mining work number=1 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=232.3µs TRACE Started ethash search for new nonces miner=0 seed=1696078127198403638 TRACE Ethash nonce found and reported miner=0 attempts=374990 nonce=1696078127198778628 INFO Successfully sealed new block number=1 hash=432b70…0c62ee INFO Mined potential block number=1 hash=432b70…0c62ee TRACE Propagated block hash=432b70…0c62ee recipients=0 duration=2562047h47m16.854s TRACE Announced block hash=432b70…0c62ee recipients=0 duration=2562047h47m16.854s Block No.2: INFO Commit new mining work number=2 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=1.029ms TRACE Started ethash search for new nonces miner=0 seed=4662351075533182472 TRACE Ethash nonce found and reported miner=0 attempts=110083 nonce=4662351075533292555 INFO Successfully sealed new block number=2 hash=37538d…bc107e INFO Mined potential block number=2 hash=37538d…bc107e TRACE Propagated block hash=37538d…bc107e recipients=0 duration=2562047h47m16.854s TRACE Announced block hash=37538d…bc107e recipients=0 duration=2562047h47m16.854s INFO Block reached canonical chain number=1 hash=432b70…0c62ee INFO Block reached canonical chain number=2 hash=37538d…bc107e
